Abu Musa al Ash’aree narrated that the Messenger of Allah - صلى الله عليه وسلم- said:
A lot of men have reached a stage of perfection, but none amongst the women reached a stage of perfection except:
Maryam bint ‘Imran and
Asiyah the wife of Fir’aun,
and the virtue of ‘Aishah when compared to other women is like the virtue of meat when compared to stew. Collected by Bukhari and Muslim
The Hadeeth established perfection for Asiyah just as it established it for Maryam, …the meaning of ‘virtue’ in this Hadeeth has been explained clearly in what was narrated by al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani on the authority of ‘Ammar ibn Yasir that the messenger of Allah - صلى الله عليه وسلم - said:
Khadeejah has been given virtue over the women of this Ummah, just as Maryam has been given virtue over all the women of the world.
A Hadeeth with a sound chain of narration which was used as evidence that Khadeejah is more virtuous than ‘Aishah. [1]
Ibn at-Teen stated: It could be that ‘Aishah was not included here because she was only three years old when Khadeejah passed away, so it could be that what is intended by the Hadeeth are the women over the age of puberty.
However this viewpoint is weak, because the word ‘women’ in the Hadeeth is general and encompasses all women. [2]
An-Nawawee stated - the summary of which is:
This Hadeeth has been used as evidence by those who claim that Maryam and Asiyah were prophets. The majority of scholars however, are of the opinion that they were not. Rather they were Siddiqataan, Waliyataan from the Awliyaa of Allah the Elevated, and a number of scholars have stated there is a consensus concerning this and Allah knows best.
The term ‘perfection’ is used when something reaches its fullest and most complete state when compared to others like it. What is meant by it here, is the most complete state in all virtues and all forms of goodness and piety.
The statement of the Messenger of Allah- صلى الله عليه وسلم- :
and the virtue of ‘Aishah when compared to other women is as the virtue of meat when compared to stew.
The scholars explained; meaning the meat in any dish is better than the stew…and what is meant by its virtue is its benefit, being satiated by it, the ease of digesting it, its delicious taste, and the ease of eating it quickly and so on. So it is better than all the stew, and all other types of food. ‘Aisha has more virtue when compared to other women, just as meat has more virtue when compared to stew.
There is no evidence in this Hadeeth that ‘Aishah is more virtuous than Maryam and Asiyah, because of the possibility that what is meant is her virtue over the women of the Ummah. [3] ______________________________
[1] The scholars have differed as to which of the two is more virtuous, the preponderant stance being that each one (including Fatimah) has virtues over the other from different angles, and concerning the mention of other women in different time periods, then each one was the most virtuous during her time period and one should not delve into which one is better than the other. A more in depth look a the most virtuous women can be found here.
[2] Fat-h al Baaree: Vol. 11 P. 130
[3] Sharh Saheeh MuslimL Vol. 8 P. 180
todayPublished:Mar 26, 2008
editTranslator:Abu AbdulWahid, Nadir Ahmad
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حديث أبي موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:
كمل من الرجال كثير ولم يكمل من النساء غير مريم بنت عمران وآسية امرأة فرعون وإن فضل عائشة على النساء كفضل الثريد على سائر الطعام رواه البخاري و مسلم
فقد أثبت في هذا الحديث الكمال لآسية كما أثبته لمريم ، فامتنع حمل الخيرية في حديث الباب على الإطلاق ، وجاء ما يفسر المراد صريحا ، فروى البزار والطبراني من حديث عمار بن ياسر رفعه
لقد فضلت خديجة على نساء أمتي كما فضلت مريم على نساء العالمين.وهو حديث حسن الإسناد ، واستدل بهذا الحديث على أن خديجة أفضل من عائشة .
قال ابن التين : ويحتمل أن لا تكون عائشة دخلت في ذلك لأنها كان لها عند موت خديجة ثلاث سنين ، فلعل المراد النساء البوالغ . كذا قال ، وهو ضعيف ، فإن المراد بلفظ النساء أعم من البوالغ.
قال النواوي:
هذا الحديث يستدل به من يقول بنبوة النساء ونبوة آسية ومريم ، والجمهور على أنهما ليستا نبيتين ، بل هما صديقتان ووليتان من أولياء الله تعالى ، ولفظة ( الكمال ) تطلق على تمام الشيء وتناهيه في بابه ، والمراد هنا التناهي في جميع الفضائل وخصال البر والتقوى وقد نقل جماعة الإجماع على عدمها . والله أعلم.
قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم :
وفضل عائشة على النساء كفضل الثريد على سائر الطعام.
قال العلماء : معناه أن الثريد من كل الطعام أفضل من المرق ، فثريد اللحم أفضل من مرقه بلا ثريد ، وثريد ما لا لحم فيه أفضل من مرقه ، والمراد بالفضيلة نفعه ، والشبع منه ، وسهولة مساغه ، والالتذاذ به ، وتيسر تناوله ، وتمكن الإنسان من أخذ كفايته منه بسرعة ، وغير ذلك ، فهو أفضل من المرق كله ، ومن سائر الأطعمة وفضل عائشة على النساء زائد كزيادة فضل الثريد على غيره من الأطعمة . وليس في هذا تصريح بتفضيلها على مريم وآسية ؛ لاحتمال أن المراد تفضيلها على نساء هذه الأمة .
:المراجع
فتح الباري ج11 ص130
: المنهاج ج8 ص 180
todayتاريخ الإضافة :Mar 26, 2008
editالمترجم :أبو عبد الواحد نادر أحمد
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